LucidTronix is a new Open-Source Electronics designer. We make
tutorials,
as well as transparent, beautiful, and lucid
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Cellular Automata
From simple rules emerge mysterious and intricate patterns.
Cellular automata are dynamic, life-like algorithms that produce beautiful patterns. This tutorial shows how to program our
Wearable Wayfinder
or our
Joy Gamer
with an interactive cellular automata. Now you can wear the famous rule 30 or the Sierpinski gasket.
Wearable Wayfinder with Cellular Automata
-
Wearable Wayfinder with Cellular AutomataCheck out Wayfinder sporting some emergent patterns! -
Automata BeautyCheck out the Wayfinder sporting some emergent patterns! -
3 Automata in LoveCellular Automata stick together! -
The glorious Rule 30The mysterious Rule 30! -
LEDsLEDs on the PCB! -
Tiny Screen Shows Big MysteryEven though rule 30 can be described with just 8 bits of data, it makes an intricate and varied pattern. -
Leaf ScreenThis leaf screen shows the sierpinski triangle on the left spliced with Wolfram's famous rule 30 on the right. -
Leaf Screen SierpinskiCheck out the leaf screen with sierpinski's triangle. -
Emergence in your hand!3 Wearable wayfinders programmed with the cellular automata animation!
Check out Wayfinder sporting some emergent patterns!
Cellular Automata in Action
Watch those emergent patterns bloom in my palm!
Video
Watch the cellular automata rules unfold line by line. The video is sped up from real time because little arduino takes her sweet time refreshing the TFT LCD screen.
Cellular Automata on the Wearable Wayfinder Code
Here is code for displaying a several different beautiful cellular Automata on your Wearable Wayfinder. We display the 1D cellular Automata by moving down the screen one row of pixels at a time. The pixels in each row are determined by the three pixels above them in the previous row. The mapping between the three pixels in the parent row and the one pixel in the next row is given by the cellular automata rule. We handle this in this function:
We only have to keep track of the previous row and the current row and we do this with the two arrays declared at the top:
int get_bit_from_rules(int a, int b, int c) { if (a == 1 && b == 1 && c == 1) return rules[cur_rule][0]; if (a == 1 && b == 1 && c == 0) return rules[cur_rule][1]; if (a == 1 && b == 0 && c == 1) return rules[cur_rule][2]; if (a == 1 && b == 0 && c == 0) return rules[cur_rule][3]; if (a == 0 && b == 1 && c == 1) return rules[cur_rule][4]; if (a == 0 && b == 1 && c == 0) return rules[cur_rule][5]; if (a == 0 && b == 0 && c == 1) return rules[cur_rule][6]; if (a == 0 && b == 0 && c == 0) return rules[cur_rule][7]; return 0;}
There are 8 different possible arrangements of 3 pixels (2^3). We check all possibilities and then return the bit for the child row as determined by the current rule.
We only have to keep track of the previous row and the current row and we do this with the two arrays declared at the top:
uint8_t scanline[scanline_size];uint8_t nextline[scanline_size];Then we get the tree pixels from the parent row in the lines:
if (i > 0) left = get_bit_from_index(i-1); // Left neighbor state int me = get_bit_from_index(i); // Current state int right = get_bit_from_index(i+1); // Right neighbor stateThe functions:
boolean get_bit_from_index(int index){ int byte_index = index / 8; int bit_index = 7 - (index % 8); byte cur_b = scanline[byte_index]; if ( (cur_b & (1 << bit_index)) != 0x00 ) return 1; else return 0;}void set_bit_from_index(int index, boolean abit){ int byte_index = index / 8; int bit_index = 7 - (index % 8); byte cur_b = nextline[byte_index]; if ( abit) cur_b |= (1 << bit_index); else cur_b &= ~(1 << bit_index) ; nextline[byte_index] = cur_b;}
are used to get and set the individual bits from the array of bytes scanline and nextline. This is more efficient than wasting a whole byte to just store one binary value. See the entire code below. And make sure you have all the necessary libraries installed from the
basic Wearable Wayfinder tutorial
before you try to compile :).
Download File
/* LucidTronix Wearable Wayfinder Cellular Automata Animation * Code by Samwell Freeman August 2014 * For instructions, details and schematic, See: * http://www.lucidtronix.com/tutorials/9 */#include#include // Core graphics library#include // Hardware-specific library#include #include #include #include #include #include #include // for leo: Adafruit_ST7735 tft = Adafruit_ST7735(SS, 9, 8);WearableWayfinder ww = WearableWayfinder(&tft);const int scanline_size = 20;uint8_t scanline[scanline_size];uint8_t nextline[scanline_size];int cur_rule = 0;const int num_rules = 8;boolean rules[num_rules][8] = { {0,1,0,1,1,0,1,0}, {0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0}, {1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0}, {0,1,1,1,1,1,1,0}, {0,1,0,1,0,1,1,0}, {1,0,0,1,1,0,0,1}, {1,1,0,0,0,0,0,1}, {0,0,0,1,1,0,1,0} }; int cur_y = 0;int mode = 0;int num_modes = 4;unsigned int last_press = 0;void setup(){ ww.initialize(); int bx = 0; int by = 0; for (int i = 0; i < scanline_size; i++) { scanline[i] = 0; if ( i == scanline_size/2) scanline[i] = 0x08; }}void loop(){ for (int i = 0; i < (scanline_size*8)-1; i++) { int left = 0; if (i > 0) left = get_bit_from_index(i-1); // Left neighbor state int me = get_bit_from_index(i); // Current state int right = get_bit_from_index(i+1); // Right neighbor state boolean abit = get_bit_from_rules(left,me,right); // Compute next generation state based on ruleset set_bit_from_index(i, abit); if (mode == 0){ int cur_r = 15; int cur_g = 2; int cur_b = random(200, 250); ww.background = Color(cur_r, cur_g, cur_b); cur_r = 230; cur_g = 62; cur_b = 0; ww.fill = Color(cur_r, cur_g, cur_b); } else if (mode == 1){ int cur_r = 0; int cur_g = 0; int cur_b = 0; ww.background = Color(cur_r, cur_g, cur_b); cur_r = random(23,55); cur_g = 62; cur_b = 230; ww.fill = Color(cur_r, cur_g, cur_b); } else if (mode == 2){ int cur_r = 5; int cur_g = random(150,222); int cur_b = 215; ww.background = Color(cur_r, cur_g, cur_b); cur_r = 219; cur_g = 200; cur_b = 30; ww.fill = Color(cur_r, cur_g, cur_b); } if (abit) tft.drawPixel(cur_y, i, ww.fill.color_16()); else tft.drawPixel(cur_y, i, ww.background.color_16()); if( digitalRead(ww.btn1_pin) == HIGH && millis() - last_press > 500 ){ cur_rule = ++cur_rule%num_rules; for (int i = 0; i < scanline_size; i++) { nextline[i] = 0; if ( i == scanline_size/2) nextline[i] = 0x08; } last_press = millis(); break; } if( digitalRead(ww.btn2_pin) == HIGH ){ ww.clear_screen(ww.background); for (int i = 0; i < scanline_size; i++) { nextline[i] = 0; if ( i == scanline_size/2) nextline[i] = 0x08; } mode = ++mode%num_modes; break; } } cur_y++; if (cur_y > 128) cur_y = 0; for (int i = 0; i < scanline_size; i++) { scanline[i] = nextline[i]; }}boolean get_bit_from_index(int index){ int byte_index = index / 8; int bit_index = 7 - (index % 8); byte cur_b = scanline[byte_index]; if ( (cur_b & (1 << bit_index)) != 0x00 ) return 1; else return 0;}void set_bit_from_index(int index, boolean abit){ int byte_index = index / 8; int bit_index = 7 - (index % 8); byte cur_b = nextline[byte_index]; if ( abit) cur_b |= (1 << bit_index); else cur_b &= ~(1 << bit_index) ; nextline[byte_index] = cur_b;}int get_bit_from_rules(int a, int b, int c) { if (a == 1 && b == 1 && c == 1) return rules[cur_rule][0]; if (a == 1 && b == 1 && c == 0) return rules[cur_rule][1]; if (a == 1 && b == 0 && c == 1) return rules[cur_rule][2]; if (a == 1 && b == 0 && c == 0) return rules[cur_rule][3]; if (a == 0 && b == 1 && c == 1) return rules[cur_rule][4]; if (a == 0 && b == 1 && c == 0) return rules[cur_rule][5]; if (a == 0 && b == 0 && c == 1) return rules[cur_rule][6]; if (a == 0 && b == 0 && c == 0) return rules[cur_rule][7]; return 0;}
Parts
| Title | Description | # | Cost | Link | Picture |
| Wearable Wayfinder | An Arduino on steroids! Full color LCD screen, accelerometer, compass, and real time clock loaded onto a wearable gadget! | 1 | $69.95 | Link |
|
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